![]() The normative regime of crime is based on an unwritten code of ‘correct behaviour’ rooted in criminal practices and organisations, but which, to some extent, the wider population is also expected to observe. the education system, social programmes). The normative regime of the state is grounded in the rule of law, promoted by formal institutions and represented on the ground by both agents of repression (police) and of the social state (e.g. Nonetheless, the regimes themselves, and the radical forms of alterity and conflicts that underpin them, persist and frequently overflow the limits of everyday accommodations to produce violence.Įmpirically, in this paper and in past work (Feltran 2012 Beraldo 2020, 2021a), we identify three core normative regimes in Brazil's favelas. As identified in the aforementioned literature, in everyday situations, individual subjects may adapt their practices flexibly to manage tensions and accommodate proximate Others. These normative regimes are constructed relationally, gaining distinct contours through their interactions with, and differences from, the other regimes with which they coexist. We argue that in many Brazilian favelas and other marginalised urban spaces, distinct and unassimilable normative regimes coexist in space, each providing distinct frameworks and guidelines for dealing with everyday situations. Drawing on the previous work of Gabriel Feltran ( 2010, 2011, 2012, 2020), we understand normative regimes as plausible parameters of action that are sedimented in subjectivities and reproduced in everyday routines. This article seeks to contribute to debates about the everyday negotiation of difference, inequality and conflict in cities by developing the notion of ‘coexisting normative regimes’ as a tool for analysing social life in Brazilian favelas. While these studies also emphasise everyday negotiations and accommodations between social Others, they have tended to view them as more heavily constrained by violence and social control exercised at the neighbourhood scale, and by the broader urban inequalities to which they are linked. Coming from a different direction, but with some overlapping concerns, recent ethnographic studies in Latin American cities have looked at local dynamics of conflict and coexistence between armed actors, such as police, drug cartels and street gangs, and of the tactics that residents adopt in their everyday lives to navigate the threats that they pose (Penglase 2009 Abello-Colak & Guarneros-Meza 2014 Menezes 2018 Richmond 2019). In both global North and South, such studies have offered important insights into the everyday practices, interactions and tactics that allow urban populations to manage difference, avoid conflict, and achieve some collective aims in contexts of growing diversity and the perpetual flux of urban life. Simone 2004 Nowicka & Vertovec 2014 Heil 2015). In recent years, there has been a growing interest within geography and urban studies in dynamics of coexistence and cooperation under conditions of ‘thrown-togetherness’ (Massey 2005), where heterogeneous populations cohabit in the same urban spaces (e.g. ![]()
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